"Dark Matter" and "Dark Energy"

Matter as we all know it; stars and galaxies, planets and trees, rocks and us. This matter accounts for less than 5% of the known Universe. About 25% is Dark matter; and 70% is Dark energy. Both of which are invisible. This is kind of strange because it suggests that everything we experience is really only a tiny fraction of reality. But it gets worse. We really have no clue what Dark Matter and Dark Energy are, or how they work. We are pretty sure there exist though. So, what do we know? 

Dark matter is the stuff that makes it possible for galaxies to exist. When we calculated why the Universe is structured the way it is, it quickly became clear that there is not just enough normal matter. The gravity of the visible matter is not strong enough to form galaxies and complex structures. The stars would more likely be scattered all over the place and not form galaxies. So we know there something else inside and around them. Something that doesn't emit or reflect light. Something Dark.... but besides being able to calculate the existence of Dark matter, we can see it... kind of. Places with the high concentration of dark matter band light passing nearby. So we know there is something there that interacts with gravity.

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Dark matter is not anti-matter, because anti-matter produces unique gamma rays when it reacts with normal matter. Dark matter is also not made up of black holes, very compact objects that violently affect their surroundings, while Dark matter seems to be scattered all over the place.

Dark matter is probably made up of a complicated exotic particle that doesn't interact with light and matter in a way we expect, but right now, we just don't know. 

We only know 3 things for sure:

1. Something is out there.

2. It interacts with gravity.

3. There is a lot of it.

Dark energy is even more strange and mysterious. We can't detected, we can't measure it and we can't taste it. But we do see its effect very clearly.

In 1929, Edward Hubble examined that since galaxies are moving away from each other at an accelerating rate, we can say wherever there is empty space in the universe, more Dark Energy is forming every second. So Dark Energy seems to be some kind of energy which is directly related to empty space.

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