INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT BLACK HOLES

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If The Black Holes Are "Black", How Do Scientists Know They Are There?

A black hole cannot be seen because of the strong gravity that is pulling all of the light into the black hole's centre. However, scientists can see the effects of its strong gravity on the stars and gases around it. If a star is orbiting a certain point in space, scientist can study the star's motion to find out if it is orbiting a Black Hole.


When a Black Hole and a star are orbiting close together, high-energy light is produced. Scientific instruments can see this high-energy light. A black hole's gravity can sometimes be strong enough to pull off the outer gases of the star and grow a disc around itself called the accretion disk. As gas from the accretion disk spirals into the black hole, the gas heats to very high temperatures and releases X-ray light in all directions. NASA telescopes measure the X-ray light. Astronomers use this information to learn more about the properties of a Black Hole.

Could A Black Hole Destroy Earth?

Black Holes do not wander around the Universe, randomly swallowing worlds. They follow the laws of gravity just like other objects in space. The orbit of a Black Holes would have to be very close to the Solar System to affect Earth, which is not likely. If a black hole with the same mass as the sun were to replace the sun, Earth would not fall in. The Black Hole with the same mass as the sun would keep the same gravity as the sun. The planets would still orbit the Black Hole as they orbit the sun now.




Will The Sun Ever Turn Into A Black Hole?

The sun does not have enough mass to collapse into a Black Hole. In billions of years, when the sun is at the end of its life it will become a Red Giant Star. Then, when it has used the last of its fuel, it will throw of its outer layers and turn into a glowing ring of gas called a Planetary Nebula. Finally, all that will be left off from the sun and it will become a cooling White Dwarf Star.




How Is NASA Studying Black Holes?

NASA is learning about Black Holes using spacecraft like the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Swift Satellite and the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. Fermi launched in 2008 and is observing the gamma rays – the most energetic form of light – in search of supermassive Black Holes and other astronomical phenomena. Spacecraft like these help scientists answer questions about the origin, evolution and the destiny of the Universe.
The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA'S next orbiting observatory and the successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. A tennis court-sized telescope orbiting far beyond Earth's moon, Webb will detect infrared radiation and be capable of seen in that wavelength as well as Hubble series in visible light.




The Defining Feature Of A Black Hole.

Event Horizon:

A boundary in space time through which matter and light can only pass inward towards the mass of the Black Hole. Nothing, not even light, can escape from inside the event horizon. The event horizon is referred to as such because if an event occurs within the boundary, information from the at event cannot reach an outside observer, making it impossible to determine if such an event occurred.
As predicted by General Relativity, the presence of mass deforms space time in such a way that the paths taken by particles bend towards the mass(any particle will again towards the Black Hole). At the event horizon of a black hole, this deformation becomes so strong that there are no paths that lead away from the Black Hole.




Singularity:

At the centre of a Black Hole as described by the general relativity lies a gravitational singularity, a region where the space time curvature becomes infinite. For a non-rotating Black Hole, this region takes the shape of a single point and for a rotating Black Hole, it is smeared out to form a ring singularity lying in the plane of rotation. In both cases, the singular region has zero volume. It can also be shown that the singular region contains all the mass of the Black Hole solution. The singular region can be thought of as having infinite density.

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