SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLES🛰️

-

Satellite Launch Vehicles.

A rocket-powered vehicle used to transport a spacecraft beyond Earth's atmosphere, either to orbit around Earth or to some other destination in outer space.
In order to reach Earth orbit, a launch vehicle must accelerate its spacecraft payload to a minimum velocity of 28,000 km (17500 miles) per hour, which is roughly 25 times the speed of sound. To overcome Earth's gravity for  travel to destinations such as the Moon or Mars, the spacecraft must be accelerated to a velocity of approximately 40,000 km (25,000 miles) per hour. The initial acceleration must also be provided very rapidly in order to minimize both the time that a launch vehicle takes to transit the stressful environment of the atmosphere and the time during which the vehicle's rocket engines and other systems must operate near their performance limits; a launch from Earth's surface or atmosphere usually attains orbital velocity within 8 –12 minutes.


Such rapid acceleration requires one or more rocket engines burning large quantities of propellant at a high rate, while at the same time the vehicle is controlled so that it follows its planned trajectory. To maximize the mass of spacecraft that a particular launch vehicle can carry, the vehicle's structural weight is kept as low as possible. Most of the weight of the launch vehicle is actually it's propellants – i.e., fuel and the oxidizer needed to burn the fuel. Designing reliable launch vehicles is challenging. The the launches with the best recent records have a reliability rate between 95 and 99% . Having both its own launch vehicles and place to launch them are prerequisites if a particular country or group of countries wants to carry out an independent space program.


Indian Satellite Launch Vehicles.

India launched its first Satellite in 1980 using the four-stage solid-fuelled Satellite Launch Vehicle 3 (SLV-3), which was developed from the U.S. Scout launch vehicle first used in 1960. India didi not have a prior ballistic missile program, but parts of SLV-3 were later incorporated into India's first IRBM, agni. The four-stage Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) was then developed; it used a mixture of solid- and liquid-fuelled stages. The first PSLV Launch took place in 1993. During the 1990s India developed rhe liquid- fuelled Geostationary Space Launch Vehicle (GSLV), which used cryogenic fuel in its upper stage. The GSLV was first launched in 2001. Both the PSLV and GSLV remain in service.



What Is A Launched Window?

A launch window is a precise period of time, ranging from minutes to hours, within which a launch must occur for a rocket or Space Shuttle to be positioned in the proper orbit.
Sometimes, this window is determined by the passing of an orbiting spacecraft with which the orbiter must rendezvous, such as the International Space Station or an ailing satellite. At other times, the Space Shuttle or an unmanned rocket must be launched with a certain window so that it can release its satellite payload at the right time to place it in an orbit over a certain region of Earth.


The Sriharikota Range Is The Second-Best Located Spaceport In The World, Why?

1. Location:

Located near to the equator, Sriharikota is the ideal launch site for geostationary satellites. Sriharikota is ideal for eastward launchers. SHAR's location on the east coast and shows that it gains an additional velocity of 0.4 km/s due to Earth's rotation to easily launch rockets. Most satellites are launched eastward. There is also a a proposal for a new launch pad at Kulasekarapattinam in 2013 which is ideal for southward launches. 


2. Accessibility:

Their equipments are huge and travel from across the world. For this very reason, it must be accessible by all means of transport;
Land, Air,Water. Ate the same time, The site is prone for accidents. So, it should be remote away from inhabitants. Being a coastal island ares with no habitation proves advantageous for Sriharikota because it is on National Highway (NH-5), 20 km away from nearest Railway Station, and 70 kms (Chennai) from nearest International Ports by air and Ships.

3. Coastal Site:

You never know what falls off from a flying object. The maximum distance of impact from the launch site can be up to 6500 kms.

4. Climate:

Heavy rains come only in October and November allowing them to test outdoor for 10 months in an year. There is no bad day that a rainy day and Sriharikota offers you optimal rainfall.




It is no accident that Sriharikota is chosen. Sriharikota is not chosen among few options. It is THE OPTION for ISRO. Sriharikota silently played and playing it's role in making India proud ever since the "Rohini-125" sounding rocket was launched in 1971 helping 35/43 successful launches as of June, 2014.

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).

IRNSS is an independent regional navigation satellite system being developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information service to users in India as well as the region extending up to 1500 kilometre from its boundary, which is its primary service area. An Extended Service Area lies between primary service area and area enclosed by the rectangle from Latitude 30 degree South to 50 degree North, Longitude with 30 degree East to 130 degree West.
IRNSS will provide two types of services common, namely, Standard Positioning Service (SPS) which is provided to all the users and Restricted Services (RS) , which is an encrypted service provided only to the authorised users. The IRNSS System is expected to provide a position accuracy of better that 20 m in the primary service area.



THANK YOU.

Follow me on:



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts

LIFE CYCLE OF A STAR!

-
Image
Outlined below are the many steps involved in a stars evolution, from its formation in nebula, to its death as a white dwarf or neutron star. NEBULA A Nebula is a cloud of gas(hydrogen) and dust in space. Nebulae are the birth places of stars. There are different types of nebula. An emission nebula e.g. such as Orion nebula, glows brightly because the gas in it is energized by the stars that have already formed within it. In a Reflection Nebula, starlight reflects on the grains of dust in a nebula. The nebula surrounding the Pleiades Cluster is typical of a reflection nebula. Dark Nebula also exist. These are dense clouds of molecular hydrogen which partially or completely absorb the light from the stars behind them e.g. the Horsehead nebula in Orion. Planetary Nebula are the outer layers of a star that are lost when the star changes from a red giant to a white dwarf.   Shop now at Amazon Pantry at best deals Amazon Pantry STAR A star is a luminous globe of gas producing its own heat a
Read more

GRAVITY

-
Image
GRAVITY What is Space Time Continuum? Time is not completely separate from and independent of space, but is combined with it to form an object called space-time. It is a matter of common experience that one can describe the position of a point in space by three numbers, or coordinates. For instance, one can say that a point in a room is 7 feet from 1 wall, 3 feet from another and 5 feet above the floor. Or one could specify that a point was at a certain latitude and longitude and a certain height above sea level. One would not specify the position of the moon in terms of kilometres north and kilometres west of a building on Earth and some feet above sea level. Instead, one might describe it in terms of distance from the Sun, distance from the plane of the orbits of the planets, and the angle between the line joining the Moon to the Sun and the line joining the Sun to a nearby star such as Alpha Centauri. Even these coordinates would not be of much use in describing the position of the
Read more

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

-
Image
Here are some amazing elements that our SOLAR SYSTEM consists.  1. Sun The Sun is a star present at the centre of the Solar System. It is spherical in shape and is emmiting huge amount of light and infrared radiations with heat due to the nuclear fusion reactions in its core. It is a type of G-Typemain Sequence Star with a life span of approximately 10 billion years.  2. Planets Our Solar System consists of eight planets named Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, ordered in their respective distances from the Sun.  The smallest and the nearest planet to the is Mercury and the largest planet is Jupiter. The hottest planet is Venus and the coldest is Neptune. Listed below is the time taken by every planet to rotate around its Axis and revolve around the Sun. Planet             Rotation              Revolution    1. Mercury.    58d 15h 30m           88d 2.Venus.          116d 18h                  225d 3. Earth.          23h 56m                   365d 4. Mars. 
Read more

CRAZY SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS IN SPACE SHUTTLE

-
Image
Outlined below are some of the coolest Space Shuttle Science Experiments: 1. Microbes Get More Virulent In Microgravity. Experiments aboard the space shuttle have shown that salmonella bacteria, a   common and sometimes deadly source of food poisoning, get more virulent in space. Scientist believe that the bacteria get ramped up because space flight tricks them into behaving as if they're inside the human gut. The shuttle missions also identified dozens of genes that seem to be involved in the hyper-virulence, as well as "master switch" protein that regulates many of these genes.  2. Space Roses Smell Different. It sounds like some sort of symbolic or ceremonial gesture: The Shuttle Discovery carried a single rose to orbit on its STS-95 mission in 1998. But there was science, and business, behind the move. The company International Flavours and Fragrances (IFF) wanted to see how microgravity altered the sweet and familiar scent of a Rose — and if a new perfume component m
Read more

NASA FOUND SALT TRACES ON MARS...

-
Image
Recently, after the testing of the samples brought from the Red Planet (Mars), NASA said that there are some possibilities of organic salt present on Mars. After this research of NASA our understanding of Mars's surface will improve. Also this will help in finding life forms in Mars as well as on different Planets. In an interview NASA said that organic compound and salt traces on Mars could be a mark of geographical processes or bacterias, like that of found by the Curiosity Rover. Salts Could Be Made from Geological Processes..... According to one research, the iron, calcium and magnesium oxalate and acetate affected by radiation and oxidation together can combine to mix up with the organic salts. These salts could be made from Geological Processes or these are the remains of micro organisms. Possibilities Of Life On Red Planet Increases.... According to NASA traces of salt could increase the possibility of organic matter present on Mars. On Earth as well such type of life forms
Read more